feature: the web service gives Apple VPN profiles that set up IKEv2 road-warrior access on macOS, iOS and iPadOS.

ADR.md

@@ -1182,3 +1182,22 @@ their client networks, and removes the earlier drop-in.
 Consequences: Clients resolve the names resolved resolves, Azure's internal names included, but
 not the router's synthesized ones. The package depends on dnsmasq-base. PowerDNS and the clients'
 resolver share no address.
+
+## ADR-44: Apple VPN profiles are unsigned IKEv2 profiles with a PKCS#12 encrypted by a password given per download
+
+Status: Accepted
+
+Context: macOS, iOS and iPadOS connect to the road-warrior access with their built-in IKEv2 client,
+configured by a configuration profile. The router keeps each user's certificate and key. Apple's
+clients read a PKCS#12 only when it is encrypted with 3DES and SHA-1, send one proposal per SA,
+and show an unsigned profile as unverified.
+
+Decision: The web service builds the profile with `plistlib` and python3-cryptography: the P2S CA
+and the root, the user's PKCS#12 encrypted with a password the caller gives with each request,
+and an IKEv2 payload matching `road-warrior.conf` (EAP-TLS with the certificate, AES-256,
+SHA2-256, group 14). The profile is not signed. Admins get any user's profile through `/users`,
+users their own through `/account` with their current password and code.
+
+Consequences: The password is never stored; the device asks for it when the profile is installed.
+A profile shows as unverified. A changed proposal of `road-warrior.conf` must be changed in the
+profile too. WireGuard is not part of it.

README.md

@@ -776,6 +776,23 @@ the file.
 The certificate is also accepted by road-warrior (IKEv2 EAP-TLS) access, which checks
 certificates only, so `disable` does not affect it; `remove` revokes the certificate for both.
 
+### Apple VPN profile
+
+While `p2s.enabled` is `true` and `wan.local_fqdn` is set, `/users/<name>/apple-profile` and a
+user's own `/account/apple-profile` give an unsigned Apple configuration profile (`.mobileconfig`)
+that sets up road-warrior access in the built-in VPN client of macOS, iOS and iPadOS. It holds:
+
+- the P2S CA and the root CA, the root installed as a trusted root;
+- the user's certificate and key as a PKCS#12 encrypted with the password of the request, with
+  3DES and SHA-1, the only encryption Apple's clients read; the device asks for the password when
+  the profile is installed, and the router does not keep it;
+- an IKEv2 VPN to `wan.local_fqdn`, with the user name as the local identity, the certificate over
+  EAP-TLS, and AES-256, SHA2-256 and group 14 for IKE and ESP, as the router's road-warrior
+  connection takes them.
+
+The password is 8 to 128 characters. A user asking for the own profile also gives the current
+password and, when enrolled, a code.
+
 ### Console login and SSH
 
 A member of `admins` enrolled for TOTP may have console login: the Router Manager's Shell page
@@ -1181,6 +1198,7 @@ and answer bodies are JSON; a request body is at most 65536 bytes.
 | `POST /users/<name>/unlock` | | the user |
 | `DELETE /users/<name>` | | `{"name", "removed": true}` |
 | `GET /users/<name>/profile` | | `{"name", "profile"}`, the OpenVPN client profile |
+| `POST /users/<name>/apple-profile` | `{"password"}` | `{"name", "profile"}`, the Apple configuration profile of IKEv2 road-warrior access (see Apple VPN profile) |
 | `POST /users/<name>/otp` | | `{"name", "secret", "uri"}`, a new TOTP secret; nothing is stored |
 | `PUT /users/<name>/otp` | `{"secret", "code"}` | the user, once the code matches the secret |
 | `DELETE /users/<name>/otp` | | the user |
@@ -1237,6 +1255,7 @@ router manages them, their display name and description included. A failure is o
 | `POST /account/passkeys` | `{"current_password", "current_code"}` | `{"id", "options"}`: a pending registration, valid 2 minutes, and the options of `navigator.credentials.create` in their JSON form |
 | `PUT /account/passkeys` | `{"id", "credential", "label"?}`, `credential` the browser's answer as its `toJSON()` gives it; `label` at most 64 characters, `Passkey` without one | the user |
 | `DELETE /account/passkeys/<id>` | | the user |
+| `POST /account/apple-profile` | `{"current_password", "current_code", "password"}` | `{"name", "profile"}`, the user's Apple configuration profile of IKEv2 road-warrior access (see Apple VPN profile) |
 
 `current_code` is needed only for a user enrolled for TOTP; removing a passkey needs neither. A wrong current password or code gets
 403 and counts as a failed login; slapd accepts each code once, so a code used to sign in is not

debian-package/debian/changelog

@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+vpn-router (0.32.0-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  feature: the web service gives Apple VPN profiles that set up IKEv2 road-warrior access on macOS, iOS and iPadOS.
+
+  * POST /users/<name>/apple-profile and POST /account/apple-profile answer
+    an unsigned .mobileconfig with the P2S CA and the root CA, the user's
+    certificate and key as a PKCS#12 encrypted with the password of the
+    request, and an IKEv2 VPN to wan.local_fqdn with EAP-TLS and the
+    proposals of the road-warrior connection.
+  * A user's own profile needs the current password and, when enrolled, a
+    code.
+
+ -- Slawomir Koszewski <slawek@koszewscy.waw.pl>  Tue, 27 Oct 2026 14:00:00 +0100
+
 vpn-router (0.31.3-1) unstable; urgency=medium
 
   fix: WireGuard clients may use the router's DNS resolver, which runs while WireGuard does, and /remote-access names its addresses for their configuration.

debian-package/src/usr/lib/vpn-router/vpnrouter_users.py

@@ -65,16 +65,22 @@ import fcntl
 import grp
 import ipaddress
 import json
+import plistlib
 import pwd
 import re
 import subprocess
 import time
 import urllib.parse
+import uuid
 
 import ldap
 import ldap.filter
 import ldap.modlist
 import pyotp
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec, rsa
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import pkcs12
 
 import vpnrouter
 import vpnrouter_ldap
@@ -807,6 +813,72 @@ def profile(connection, name):
     return {'name': name, 'profile': text}
 
 
+def apple_profile(connection, name, password):
+    """The Apple configuration profile (.mobileconfig, unsigned) of the user's IKEv2 road-warrior access: the root CA and
+    the P2S CA, the user's certificate and key as a PKCS#12 encrypted with the password, and the VPN.
+
+    The connection matches road-warrior.conf: the router's wan.local_fqdn as address and identity, the user name, a
+    DNS name of the certificate, as the local identity, the certificate over EAP-TLS, and AES-256, SHA2-256 and group 14
+    for IKE and ESP. The PKCS#12 uses 3DES and SHA-1, the only encryption Apple's clients read; they ask for the
+    password when the profile is installed.
+    """
+    entry(connection, name)
+    if not isinstance(password, str) or not PASSWORD_MIN <= len(password) <= PASSWORD_MAX:
+        raise Failure(f'the password of the profile must have {PASSWORD_MIN} to {PASSWORD_MAX} characters', 2)
+    cfg = vpnrouter.load_config()
+    fqdn = cfg['wan']['local_fqdn'].strip()
+    if not cfg['p2s']['enabled'] or not fqdn:
+        raise Failure('IKEv2 road-warrior access is not enabled', 2)
+    credentials = vpnrouter_pki.user_credentials(name)
+    if credentials is None:
+        raise Failure(f'user {name} has no certificate')
+    try:
+        chain = x509.load_pem_x509_certificates(vpnrouter_pki.bundle('p2s')['pem'].encode())
+    except vpnrouter_pki.Failure as failure:
+        raise Failure(str(failure), 4)
+    cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(credentials[0])
+    key = serialization.load_pem_private_key(credentials[1], password=None)
+    encryption = (serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS12.encryption_builder().kdf_rounds(2048)
+                  .key_cert_algorithm(pkcs12.PBES.PBESv1SHA1And3KeyTripleDESCBC).hmac_hash(hashes.SHA1())
+                  .build(password.encode()))
+    bundle = pkcs12.serialize_key_and_certificates(name.encode(), key, cert, None, encryption)
+    certificate_type = ('RSA' if isinstance(key, rsa.RSAPrivateKey)
+                        else 'ECDSA384' if isinstance(key, ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey) and key.curve.key_size == 384
+                        else 'ECDSA256')
+    identifier = f'{".".join(reversed(fqdn.split(".")))}.vpn-router.{name}'
+    ids = {kind: str(uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_URL, f'{identifier}.{kind}')) for kind in ('profile', 'pkcs12', 'vpn')}
+    proposal = {'EncryptionAlgorithm': 'AES-256', 'IntegrityAlgorithm': 'SHA2-256', 'DiffieHellmanGroup': 14,
+                'LifeTimeInMinutes': 60}
+    payloads = [{'PayloadType': 'com.apple.security.root' if index == len(chain) - 1 else 'com.apple.security.pkcs1',
+                 'PayloadVersion': 1, 'PayloadIdentifier': f'{identifier}.ca{index}',
+                 'PayloadUUID': str(uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_URL, f'{identifier}.ca{index}')),
+                 'PayloadDisplayName': vpnrouter_pki.common_name(item),
+                 'PayloadContent': item.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.DER)}
+                for index, item in enumerate(chain)]
+    payloads.append({'PayloadType': 'com.apple.security.pkcs12', 'PayloadVersion': 1,
+                     'PayloadIdentifier': f'{identifier}.pkcs12', 'PayloadUUID': ids['pkcs12'],
+                     'PayloadDisplayName': f'{name} ({fqdn})', 'PayloadContent': bundle})
+    payloads.append({
+        'PayloadType': 'com.apple.vpn.managed', 'PayloadVersion': 1, 'PayloadIdentifier': f'{identifier}.vpn',
+        'PayloadUUID': ids['vpn'], 'PayloadDisplayName': f'VPN Router {fqdn}', 'UserDefinedName': f'VPN Router {fqdn}',
+        'VPNType': 'IKEv2',
+        'IKEv2': {
+            'RemoteAddress': fqdn, 'RemoteIdentifier': fqdn, 'LocalIdentifier': name,
+            'AuthenticationMethod': 'Certificate', 'ExtendedAuthEnabled': 1, 'PayloadCertificateUUID': ids['pkcs12'],
+            'CertificateType': certificate_type,
+            'ServerCertificateIssuerCommonName': vpnrouter_pki.common_name(chain[0]), 'ServerCertificateCommonName': fqdn,
+            'IKESecurityAssociationParameters': {**proposal, 'LifeTimeInMinutes': 480},
+            'ChildSecurityAssociationParameters': proposal,
+            'EnablePFS': 0, 'DeadPeerDetectionRate': 'Medium', 'DisableMOBIKE': 0, 'DisableRedirect': 0,
+        },
+    })
+    document = {'PayloadType': 'Configuration', 'PayloadVersion': 1, 'PayloadIdentifier': identifier,
+                'PayloadUUID': ids['profile'], 'PayloadDisplayName': f'VPN Router {fqdn} ({name})',
+                'PayloadDescription': f'IKEv2 access of {name} to {fqdn}', 'PayloadRemovalDisallowed': False,
+                'PayloadContent': payloads}
+    return {'name': name, 'profile': plistlib.dumps(document).decode()}
+
+
 def group_dn(name):
     return f'cn={name},{vpnrouter_ldap.GROUPS}'
 

debian-package/src/usr/lib/vpn-router/web

@@ -565,7 +565,10 @@ def users(state, method, path, body):
       POST   /users/<name>/unlock     end a lockout after failed logins
       DELETE /users/<name>            remove the user and revoke the certificate
       GET    /users/<name>/profile    the OpenVPN client profile
-      POST   /users/<name>/otp        a new TOTP secret and its otpauth URI; nothing is stored
+      POST   /users/<name>/apple-profile
+                                      the Apple configuration profile of IKEv2 road-warrior access: {"password"}, which
+                                      encrypts the user's key in it; {"name", "profile"}
+      POST   /users/<name>/otp       a new TOTP secret and its otpauth URI; nothing is stored
       PUT    /users/<name>/otp        store a TOTP secret: {"secret", "code"}, code a code of the secret
       DELETE /users/<name>/otp        remove the TOTP token
       DELETE /users/<name>/passkeys   remove all the user's passkeys
@@ -592,6 +595,8 @@ def users(state, method, path, body):
         ('POST', 3, 'unlock'): lambda connection: vpnrouter_users.unlock(connection, name),
         ('DELETE', 2, None): lambda connection: vpnrouter_users.remove(connection, name),
         ('GET', 3, 'profile'): lambda connection: vpnrouter_users.profile(connection, name),
+        ('POST', 3, 'apple-profile'): lambda connection: vpnrouter_users.apple_profile(connection, name,
+                                                                                       body.get('password')),
         ('POST', 3, 'otp'): lambda connection: vpnrouter_users.otp_new(connection, name),
         ('PUT', 3, 'otp'): lambda connection: vpnrouter_users.otp_enrol(connection, name, body.get('secret'), body.get('code')),
         ('DELETE', 3, 'otp'): lambda connection: vpnrouter_users.otp_remove(connection, name),
@@ -1043,8 +1048,13 @@ def account(name, method, path, body):
       PUT  /account/passkeys   store the passkey: {"id", "credential", "label"?}, credential the browser's answer
       DELETE /account/passkeys/<id>
                                remove a passkey
+      POST   /account/apple-profile
+                               the user's Apple configuration profile of IKEv2 road-warrior access:
+                               {"current_password", "current_code"?, "password"}, password encrypting the user's key in
+                               it; {"name", "profile"}
 
-    A change but the removal of a passkey needs the current password and, for an enrolled user, a current code; a wrong
+    A change but the removal of a passkey, and the Apple profile, need the current password and, for an enrolled user, a
+    current code; a wrong
     one is 403 and counts as a failed login. A password change revokes the user's refresh tokens.
     """
     if body == 'invalid' or (body is not None and not isinstance(body, dict)):
@@ -1053,12 +1063,14 @@ def account(name, method, path, body):
     route = (method, path.rstrip('/'))
     removing = method == 'DELETE' and path.startswith('/account/passkeys/') and len(path.strip('/').split('/')) == 3
     if not removing and route not in (('GET', '/account'), ('PUT', '/account/password'), ('POST', '/account/otp'),
-                                      ('PUT', '/account/otp'), ('POST', '/account/passkeys'), ('PUT', '/account/passkeys')):
+                                      ('PUT', '/account/otp'), ('POST', '/account/passkeys'), ('PUT', '/account/passkeys'),
+                                      ('POST', '/account/apple-profile')):
         return 404, {'error': f'no route {method} {path}'}
     try:
         if route == ('PUT', '/account/password'):
             vpnrouter_users.check_password(body.get('password'))
-        if route in (('PUT', '/account/password'), ('PUT', '/account/otp'), ('POST', '/account/passkeys')):
+        if route in (('PUT', '/account/password'), ('PUT', '/account/otp'), ('POST', '/account/passkeys'),
+                     ('POST', '/account/apple-profile')):
             vpnrouter_users.login(name, body.get('current_password'), body.get('current_code'))
         with vpnrouter_users.session() as connection:
             if route == ('GET', '/account'):
@@ -1068,6 +1080,8 @@ def account(name, method, path, body):
                 document = vpnrouter_users.passwd(connection, name, body['password'])
             elif route == ('POST', '/account/otp'):
                 document = vpnrouter_users.otp_new(connection, name)
+            elif route == ('POST', '/account/apple-profile'):
+                document = vpnrouter_users.apple_profile(connection, name, body.get('password'))
             elif route == ('POST', '/account/passkeys'):
                 document = vpnrouter_passkeys.register_begin(connection, name)
             elif route == ('PUT', '/account/passkeys'):